Friday, March 12 2021

2021 ECHR M. v. France Written Comments

ECHR-42821_18-M-v-France-Written-Comments-StopIGM

Written Comments on Case M. v. France, Application no. 2821/18 at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR)

  
>>>  Download (PDF 175 kb)

 
  
Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

M. is a French IGM survivor who is fighting a court case on the basis of article  222-10 of the French Penal Code (aggravated violence resulting in mutilation or permanent disability) for having been submitted to non-consensual unnecessary procedures as a child, namely IGM2: “feminising” genital surgery, and IGM3: castration. However, their case was rejected by a final court decision of the French Highest Court (“Court de Cassation”) dated 6 March 2018, with the court arguing that the statutes of limitations had expired. M. took this rejection to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), where the case is currently pending (Application no. 42821/18 (in French) | English summary – for more information, see also 2020 CRC France NGO Report (PDF), p. 18.)

Above 2021 Third Party Intervention by StopIGM.org provides a wider human rights background and context to the case, namely from the proceedings of UN Treaty bodies (p. 1-6) and relevant European Parliament (EU) and Parliament of the Council of Europe (PACE) Resolutions (p. 6-7), the responses of the French Government (p. 7-9), and a Conclusion: “Only the fear of the judge will make things change” (p. 9-10).

Wednesday, March 3 2021

2020 CCPR Kenya PSWG Intersex NGO Report

2020-CCPR-LOI-Kenya-NGO-Intersex-StopIGM

NGO Report (for LOI) to the 4th Report of Kenya on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR)

 

>>>  Download (PDF 253 kb)

 
Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org
 

CCPR Timeline Kenya 2019-2021

In April 2019, Kenya's 4th State report (CCPR/C/KEN/4) on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) was published on the CCPR Homepage. It mentions intersex in paras 172-173, however, it only briefly touches upon IGM under “corrective surgeries”  and “medical examination and tests” on intersex babies, further referring to “internationally acceptable [medical] guidelines” in para 173, but remains silent on infanticide and abandonment of intersex children.

Above January 2020 Thematic Intersex NGO Report (for LOI) by StopIGM.org (INT/CCPR/ICO/KEN/41038) documents recent evidence and testimony from local intersex advocates and expert bodies, namely the Intersex Persons Society of Kenya  (IPSK), the Taskforce on Policy, Legal, Institutional and Administrative Reforms regarding the Intersex Persons in Kenya and the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR), demonstrating that not only medical IGM practices remain  widespread (p. 9-10), but particularly infanticide and abandonment of intersex babies (p. 10-12), too. It further documents insufficient Government initiatives failing to effectively address these practices (p. 14-15), makes the case for an explicit prohibition (p. 12-13), provides background information on such practices (p. 8), and contains Suggested Questions (p. 4).

During its 128th Session in March 2020, the UN Human Rights Committee (HRCttee) drafted the List of Issues (LOI) with questions to the Kenian Government (CCPR/C/KEN/Q/4). Unfortunately, it didn't include IGM and infanticide, but made reference to the Coroners Service Act of 2017 aimed at investigating and persecutung cases of intanticide (para 14), and discrimination of intersex children (para 5).

On 5 March 2021 during a private NGO Briefing to the Committee, an Intersex NGO Statement (PDF, 58kb) by Kenyan lawyer and intersex expert John Chigiti SC on behalf of StopIGM.org raised intersex infanticide, urging the Committee to address this violation during the Session.

On March 6-9 2021, CCPR will examined the human rights record of Kenya during its 131st Online Session, asking tough questions on intersex infanticide and IGM, with the Kenyan delegation only giving partial answers. Full transcript of intersex Q&A + video links coming soon ...

• After the Session, CCPR will publish its Concluding Observations with binding recommendations for Kenya – hopefully including one on infanticide of intersex children and other forms of IGM practices, and the very 1st UN Treaty Body intersex recommendation to Kenya!

Monday, March 1 2021

2021 CCPR Finland Intersex NGO Report

2021-CCPR-Finland-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

NGO Report (for Session) to the 7th Periodic Report of Finland on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR)

  
>>>  Download (PDF 661 kb)

 
Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

CCPR Timeline Finland 2021

Above February 2021 Thematic Intersex NGO Report (for Session) by StopIGM.org (INT/CCPR/CSS/FIN/44425) documents evidence and testimony from local intersex advocates and expert bodies demonstrating that all forms of IGM practices remain widespread in all 5 revelant University Hospitals of Helsinki, Tampere, Kuopio, Turku and Oulu (p. 9-10). It further documents insufficient Government initiatives failing to effectively address these practices (p. 9, 17-18), and contains Suggested Recommendations (p. 19).

Also a February 2021 Joint NGO Report co-authored by Finnish intersex NGO Intersukupuolisten ihmisoikeudet – ISIO ry includes a section on IGM practices, noting concerns that the Government, instead of taking action to prohibit non-vital surgery, will merely continue with discussions without consequences, namely within the upcoming working group to reform the Trans Act set up by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, and suggests to recommend to the Finnish Government to enact a law to prohibit non-vital surgeries and other medical interventions (p. 4-5).

On March 2-4 2021, CCPR examined the human rights record of Finland during its 131st Online Session, asking tough questions on IGM and lack of access to justice for IGM survivors, to which the Finnish delegation failed to give actual answers. >>> Full transcript of intersex Q&A + video links

• After the Session, CCPR will publish its Concluding Observations with binding recommendations for Finland – hopefully including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices, and the very 1st to Finland!

Thursday, March 5 2020

2020 CCPR Portugal Intersex NGO Report

2020-CCPR-Portugal-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

NGO Report (for Session) to the 5th Periodic Report of Portugal on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR)

  
>>>  Download (PDF 609 kb)

 
Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org
 

CCPR Timeline Portugal 2020

Above February 2020 Thematic Intersex NGO Report (for Session) by StopIGM.org (INT/CCPR/CSS/PRT/41379) documents evidence demonstrating that all forms of IGM practices remain widespread in Portugal (p. 7-11). It further documents insufficient Government initiatives failing to effectively address these practices, namely how Law No. 38/2018 fails to effectively protect intersex children (p. 11-14), and contains Suggested Recommendations (p. 15).

On March 5-6 2020, CCPR examined the human rights record of Portugal during its 128th Session in Geneva, asking tough questions on IGM and lack of access to justice for IGM survivors, to which the Portuguese delegation failed to give actual answers. >>> Full transcript of intersex Q&A + video links.

• After the Session, CCPR published its Concluding Observations with binding recommendations to Portugal – including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices, marking the 50th UN reprimand for IGM, and already the 2nd to Portugal!

 

Thursday, January 30 2020

2019 CRC Austria Intersex NGO Reports

2019-CRC-PSWG-Austria-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

NGO Report (for LOI) to the 5th and 6th Report of Austria on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

 

>>>  Download (PDF 262 kb)

 
Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

2019-CRC-Austria-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

NGO Report (for Session) to the 5th and 6th Report of Austria on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

 

>>>  Download (PDF 203 kb)

 
Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

CRC Timeline Austria 2019–2020

Above March 2019 and December 2019 Thematic Intersex NGO Reports document how Austria continues to promote and facilitate IGM practices, despite a previous UN reprimand by the Committee against Torture (CAT) in 2016, and despite repeated, unsubstantiated assertions of "progress" by the Austrian Government.

• Review of Austria @ CRC83: Thu 30 Jan 15-18h + Fri 31 Jan 10-13h CET
  
>>> Transcript + Video English | Transkript + Video auf Deutsch 

In February 2020, CRC published its Concluding observations (CRC/C/AUT/CO/5-6, para 27 (a)-(b)) | StopIGM.org Press Release | Pressemitteilung Zwischengeschlecht.org with binding recommendations for Austria – including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices, and already the 2nd to Austria:

E. Violence against children (arts. 19, 24 (3), 28 (2), 34, 37 (a) and 39)

Harmful practices  [art. 24 (3)]

27. With reference to joint general recommendation No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women/general comment No. 18 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (2014) on harmful practices and recalling the concluding observations of the Committee against Torture (CAT/C/AUT/CO/6 para. 45) the Committee recommends that the State party:

(a) Prohibit the performance of unnecessary medical or surgical treatment on intersex children where those procedures may be safely deferred until children are able to provide their informed consent;

(b) Gather data with a view to understanding the extent of these harmful practices so that children at risk can be more easily identified and their abuse prevented;

Saturday, November 16 2019

Discrimination of Women and Girls in Sport (HRC44) - 2019 OHCHR Intersex NGO Submission

2019 OHCHR Women Sports NGO Intersex IGM

NGO Submission for OHCHR Report on Discrimination of Women and Girls in Sport (HRC44)

 
>>> Download PDF (120 kb)

  
  
Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

NGO submission to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) for a study on elimination of discrimination against women and girls in sport, pursuant to HRC Resolution 40/5, to be submitted to the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) for its 44th session  >>> OHCHR call for submissions
Above submission contains documented evidence of IGM practices, including “feminising” sterilising procedures, “feminising” genital surgery and other non-consensual, harmful and unnecessary treatments imposed on intersex women and girl athletes by sports bodies, sports officials and hired “medical experts” and IGM practicioners, as well as harmful gender and racial stereotypes reinforcing IGM and discrimination of intersex women and girl athletes.

2019 CCPR Spain LOIPR Intersex NGO Report

[ Español ]

2019-CCPR-LOIPR-Spain-Intersex-Brujula-StopIGM

NGO Report (for LOIPR) to the 7th Periodic Report of Spain on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR)

>>> Español (PDF 670 kb)
>>> English (PDF 377 kb)

Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org
Brújula Intersexual

CCPR Timeline Spain 2019 – ca. 2021:

Above August 2019 NGO Report provides solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices in Spain, and lack of effective legislative protections for intersex children despite various regional laws falsely claiming to “eradicate the practice”.

During its 127th Session in November 2019, the Committee drafted the List of Issues (LOIPR) with questions for Spain, including strong ones about intersex and IGM, referring to the non-derogable art. 7 (cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and involuntary medical or scientific experimentation), as well as to art. 17 (arbitrary or unlawful interference with privacy) and art. 24 (child protection) (CCPR/C/ESP/QPR/7, para 10) [unofficial translation from original Spanish]:

Children with variations of sex characteristics (intersex) (arts. 7, 17 and 24)

10.    Please provide information on measures taken to limit or prohibit medically unnecessary and irreversible surgical interventions and other unnecessary medical treatment of newborns and intersex children until they reach the age at which they can give their free, prior and informed consent. Please also provide information on measures taken to facilitate effective access to justice and redress, including rehabilitation, for those who have undergone such surgeries or other medical treatment without their consent.

Spain will then have to answer these questions in its State Report.

NGOs will then have another opportunity to submit NGO reports. Therafter, Spain will be examined in Geneva, arguably in 2021 – hopefully to be followed by yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Spain!

2019 CRC Swiss LOIPR Intersex NGO Report

2019-CRC-LOIPR-Swiss-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

NGO Report (for LOIPR) to the 5th and 6th Report of Switzerland on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

 
>>> Download as PDF (336 kB)

Compiled by:
Zwischengeschlecht.org / StopIGM.org
Intersex.ch
SI Selbsthilfe Intersexualität

CRC Timeline Switzerland 2019 – ca. 2021:

Above July 2019 NGO Report provides solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices in Switzerland (p, 10, 11, 14), no legal protections for children at risk (p. 10-14), no access to redress and justice for survivors (p. 15-17), and no psychosocial and peer support for intersex children and their families (p. 14), in clear contradiction to the 2015 CRC binding recommendations for Switzerland (p. 6-8).

2019-CRC-LoIPR-Swiss-NGO-Coalition-Network

Also the July 2019 Coalition NGO Report (PDF) compiled by Child Rights Network Switzerland, of which Zwischengeschlecht.org/StopIGM.org is a member, contains sections on intersex and IGM under ”Collection of Data > Genital mutilation” (p. 6 in report / p. 9 in PDF) and “Violence against Children > Genital Mutilation > Intersex Genital Mutilation” (p. 19 in report / p. 22 in PDF).

Further, there was another July 2019 NGO report by InterAction Suisse, however, it fails to privide any evidence of the ongoing practice in Switzerland or the severe physical and mental pain and suffering caused by IGM practices.

During its 84th Pre-Sessional Working Group (PSWG) in September 2019, the Committee drafted the List of Issues Prior to Reporting (LOIPR) with questions for Switzerland, including strong ones on intersex and IGM first published in October 2019 (CRC/C/CHE/QPR/5-6, paras 16(b) + 10):

D. Violence against children (arts. 19, 24 (3), 28 (2), 34, 37 (a) and 39)

[...]

Harmful practices

16. Please provide information on the measures taken to:

   (a)   Prevent and address female genital mutilation;

   (b)   Ensure that intersex children are not subjected to unnecessary medical or surgical treatment and provide adequate counselling, support and access to effective remedies to the victims subjected to such treatment during childhood. Please provide information on whether unnecessary medical or surgical treatment for intersex children is still covered by the disability insurance;

   (c)   Support those in situations of child marriage, and in particular the support provided by the Federal Competence Centre for Forced Marriage to the reported 107 children married in 2017.• Switzerland will then have to answer these question in its State report, due in September 2020.

B. General principles (arts. 2, 3, 6 and 12)

Non-discrimination

10.   Please provide information on social integration initiatives to eliminate, in practice, discrimination against children in marginalized and disadvantaged situations, namely in accessing education, particularly for children with disabilities, children with a migrant background, refugee and asylum-seeking children, and children sans-papiers. Please provide information on the measures taken to eliminate discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex children, including the adoption of the draft law resulting from the parliamentary initiative Reynard 13.407 "Fight against discrimination based on sexual orientation" and the results of the report of the Federal Council in response to the proposal Naef 12.3543 "Report on the Right to Protection from Discrimination".

Switzerland will then have to answer these questions in its State Report, due 2020.

NGOs will therafter have another opportunity to submit NGO reports. Therafter, Switzerland will be examined in Geneva, likely in 2021 – hopefully to be followed by yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Switzerland!

Wednesday, October 2 2019

2019 CEDAW Swiss LOIPR Intersex NGO Report

2019-CRC-LOIPR-Swiss-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

NGO Report (for LOIPR) to the 6th Report of Switzerland on the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

>>> Download as PDF (569 kb)

Compiled by:
Zwischengeschlecht.org / StopIGM.org
Intersex.ch
SI Selbsthilfe Intersexualität

CEDAW Timeline Switzerland 2019 – ca. 2021:

Precedents: Based on evidence and testimony (PDF) submitted by StopIGM.org, Intersex.ch and SI Selbsthilfe Intersexualität, in November 2016 CEDAW condemned “intersex genital mutilation” in Switzerland as a harmful practice (like FGM), and issued binding recommendations, including to prohibit the practice, collect disaggregated data, provide adequate psychosocial support to intersex children and their families, and to adopt legislation to provide redress to IGM survivors – in line the 2012 Swiss Ethics Commission NEK-CNE's recommendations, and equivalent recommendations by CRC, CAT and CCPR (see also p. 6-8 in above Report). Switzerland so far refuses to act.

Above September 2019 NGO Report provides solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices in Switzerland (p. 10-12, 19-20), no legal protections for children at risk (p. 10, 13-15), no access to redress and justice for survivors (p. 15-17), and no psychosocial and peer support for intersex children and their families (p. 15), in clear contradiction to the 2016 CEDAW binding recommendations for Switzerland, and equivalent Concluding Observations by CRC, CAT and CCPR (p. 6-8).

Also the September 2019 Coalition Report by NGO-Koordination post Beijing Schweiz contains a section on intersex and IGM.

There was another September 2019 NGO report by InterAction Suisse, however, it fails to privide any evidence of the ongoing practice in Switzerland or the severe physical and mental pain and suffering caused by IGM practices.

During its 76th Pre-Sessional Working Group (PSWG) in November 2019, the Committee will draft the List of Issues Prior to Reporting (LOIPR) with questions for Switzerland, hopefully including strong ones about intersex and IGM.

Switzerland will now have to answer these questions in its State Report, due 2020.

NGOs will then have another opportunity to submit NGO reports. Therafter, Switzerland will be examined in Geneva, arguably in 2021 – hopefully to be followed by yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Switzerland!

Tuesday, September 17 2019

2019 CRC Portugal Intersex NGO Report

2019-CRC-Portugal-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

NGO Report (for Session) to the 3rd to 6th Report of Portugal on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

 

>>>  Download (PDF 942 kb)

 
Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

CRC Timeline Portugal Aug-Oct 2019:
• Review of Portugal @ CRC82: Thu 19 Sep 15-18h + Fr 20 Sep 10-13h CEST

   to be transmitted LIVE on webtv.un.org!
  
   UN Press Release on the Session | Communiqué de presse de l'ONU
On Thursday 3 October 2019, CRC will publish its Concluding observations with binding recommendations for Portugal – hopefully including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices, and the very first to Portugal!

Monday, September 16 2019

2019 CCPR Belgium Intersex NGO Report

2019-CCPR-Belgium-NGO-Intersex-StopIGM

NGO Report (for Session) to the 6th Periodic Report of Belgium on the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR)

>>>  Download (PDF 581 kb)

  
Compiled by:
Intersex Belgium
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

CCPR Timeline Belgium Sep-Nov 2019:
• NGO Briefing (private):
Mon 14 October
• Review of Belgium: Tue 15 Oct 15-18h + Wed 16 Okt 10-13h CET

   to be transmitted LIVE on
webtv.un.org!
In Nov 2019, CCPR will publish its Concluding observations with binding recommendations for Belgium – hopefully including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Belgium!

2019 CCPR Mexico Intersex NGO Report

2019-CCPR-Mexico-NGO-Intersex-Brujula-StopIGM

NGO Report (for Session) to the 6th Periodic Report of Mexico on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR)

>>> Español (PDF 670 kb)
>>> English (PDF 636 kb)
 

Compiled by:
Brújula Intersexual
Vivir y Ser Intersex
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

CCPR Timeline México Sep-Nov 2019:
• NGO Briefing (private):
Mon 14 October
   >>>
Declaración conjunta de ONG intersex | Joint Intersex NGO Statement (PDF)
• Review of México: Wed 16 Oct 15-18h + Thu 17 Okt 10-13h CET

   to be transmitted LIVE on
webtv.un.org!
In Nov 2019, CCPR will publish its Concluding observations with binding recommendations for Mexico – hopefully including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Mexico!

Sunday, August 18 2019

2019 CRPD Swiss LOI Intersex NGO Report

2019-CRC-LOIPR-Swiss-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

NGO Report (for LOI) to the 1st Periodic Report of Switzerland on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)

>>> Download as DOCX (246 kb) | PDF (333 kb)

Compiled by:
Zwischengeschlecht.org / StopIGM.org
Intersex.ch
SI Selbsthilfe Intersexualität

CRPD Timeline Switzerland 2019 – 2020:

Above July 2019 NGO Report provides solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices in Switzerland (p. 18-27), no legal protections for children at risk (p. 10), no access to redress and justice for survivors (p. 26), and no psychosocial and peer support for intersex children and their families (p. 23), in clear contradiction to the previous 4 binding recommendations for Switzerland by UN Treaty bodies (p. 6-8).
Further, the Report documents how intersex children in Switzerland are traditionally considered as "invalids" (p. 21) and how consequently IGM practices in Switzerland are paid for by the "Swiss Federal Invalidity Insurance" (p. 18).

During its 12th Pre-Sessional Working Group (PSWG) in September 2019, the Committee heard NGOs in a private meeting: Intersex Statement by StopIGM.org: DOCX (24 kb) | PDF (34 kb), and drafted the List of Issues (LOI) with questions for Switzerland, including strong ones about intersex and IGM under meaningful consultation, inhuman treatment, exploitation, violence and abuse, and integrity of the person (CRPD/C/CHE/Q/1, paras 1(b), 12(e), 13(e), 14(b)):

A.    Purpose and general obligations (arts. 1-4)

1.    Please provide information on:

    [...]

    (b)     Mechanisms established and the human and financial resources available at the federal, cantonal and municipal levels for meaningful consultation with persons with disabilities through their representative organizations, including persons with disabilities of diverse [...] sex characteristics, regarding the design and monitoring of legislation and policies aimed at implementing the Convention;

    [...]

Freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 15)

12.     Please provide information on:

    […]

    (e)     Criminal and civil remedies available to persons with disabilities, including intersex persons, who have undergone involuntary sterilisation or unnecessary and irreversible medical or surgical treatment, procedures to access medical records and whether remedies are subject to any statutes of limitations.

Freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse (art. 16)

13.     Please provide information on:

    […]

    (e)    Measures taken to promote the physical, cognitive and psychological recovery, rehabilitation and social reintegration for intersex persons who have undergone involuntary procedures, including those who underwent irreversible surgical procedures as children with parental consent, and to ensure that such measures are covered by medical insurance.

Protecting the integrity of the person (art. 17)

14.     Please provide information on:

    […]

    (b)     Measures taken to ensure that no child is subjected to irreversible medical or surgical treatment during infancy or childhood (CRC/C/CHE/CO/2-4, para. 43(b)), (CAT/C/CHE/CO/7, para. 20(a)), (CEDAW/C/CHE/CO/4-5, para. 25(c)) (CCPR/C/CHE/CO/4, para. 25); and the number of irreversible surgical and other procedures that are performed on intersex children disaggregated by age and geographic location.

Switzerland will now have to answer these questions in its Replies to the LOI.

NGOs will then have another opportunity to submit NGO reports. Therafter, Switzerland will be examined during the 24th CRPD Session in Geneva from 17 August 2020 to 11 September 2020 – hopefully to be followed by yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Switzerland!

Sunday, August 4 2019

2019 CAT UK Intersex NGO Report

2019-CAT-UK-NGO-Coalition-Intersex-IGMNGO Report (for Session) to the 8th Report of the United Kingdom on the Convention against Torture (CAT)

>>> Download: PDF (623 kb) 

Compiled by:
Intersex NGO Coalition UK

IntersexUK • UK Intersex Association

StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

CAT Chronology UK 2018-19

Above January 2019 Thematic Intersex NGO Report provided solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices with impunity in all 4 Nations of the UK, advocated and paid for by the State party (p. 10-16), how UK doctors and the NHS conciously dismiss human rights concerns (p. 16). In addition, it contains personal testimony of IGM survivors (20-26).

On Monday 8 May 2019 NGOs briefed the Committee in a private NGO meeting. For StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org, UK IGM survivor Anick provided personal testimony and highlighted the failure of the government to live up to its promises. (Full statement coming soon.)

On Tuesday 9 + Wednesday 10 May 2019 the human rights record of the UK was examined in Geneva during the 66th CAT session, including a question on IGM and a weak answer by the Delegation. >>> Transcript + Video 

YAY!! Later in May 2019 CAT published its Concluding observations (CAT/C/GBR/CO/6, paras 64-65) with binding recommendations for the UK – including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for the United Kindgdom:

Intersex persons

64. While noting that in January 2019 the Government Equalities Office launched a call for evidence to better understand the experiences of intersex persons in the United Kingdom, the Committee remains concerned about reports of cases of unnecessary surgery and other medical treatment with lifelong consequences, including severe pain and suffering, to which intersex children have been subjected. The Committee is further concerned about the lack of legal provisions providing redress and rehabilitation in such cases (arts. 14 and 16).

65. The State party should ensure that:

(a) The parents or guardians of intersex children receive impartial counselling services and psychological and social support, including information on the possibility of deferring any decision on unnecessary treatment until they can be carried out with the full, free and informed consent of the person concerned;

(b) Persons who have been subjected to such procedures without their consent and resulting in severe pain and suffering obtain redress, including the means for rehabilitation.

Sunday, July 28 2019

2019 CRC Swiss LOIPR Coalition NGO Report

2019-CRC-LoIPR-Swiss-NGO-Coalition-Network

NGO Report (for LOIPR) to the 5th and 6th Report of Switzerland on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

 
>>> Download as PDF (735 kB)

 
 
Compiled by:
Child Rights Network Switzerland

CRC Timeline Switzerland 2019 – ca. 2021:

Above July 2019 Coalition NGO Report compiled by Child Rights Network Switzerland, of which Zwischengeschlecht.org/StopIGM.org is a member, contains sections on intersex and IGM under ”Collection of Data > Genital mutilation” (p. 8 in report / p. 9 in PDF) and “Violence against Children > Genital Mutilation > Intersex Genital Mutilation” (p. 21 in report / p. 22 in PDF):

“1.5 Collection of Data > Genital mutilation

There is no systematic collection of data that would allow conclusions to be drawn about the extent and development of  the various genital mutilationpractices in Switzerland (number of endangered and circumcised girls/women and boys as well as intersex-children). [19] This data is indispensable for the promotion of prevention and awareness-raising measures.
--> What is Switzerland doing to improve the national data situation and the monitoring of genital circumcision?

[19] UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) (2016): Concluding observations on the combined fourth and fifth periodic reports of Switzerland, 18th of November 2016, CEDAW/C/CHE/CO/4-5.

“4 Violence against Children > 4.5 Genital Mutilation > 4.5.3 Intersex Genital Mutilation

Contrary to recommendations by international human rights bodies [64], operations that are not medically indicated on children with variance of sex development are still practised in Switzerland and paid for by the disability insurance (IV). These operations are serious and irreparable and often cause lifelong pain and suffering. There are no legislative or other measures to prevent children from these harmful practices, which are unnecessary from a medical point of view. [65] Children affected and their families still do not have access to adequate psychosocial care. The Federal Council considers the recommendations of the Swiss National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics of November 2012 to have been implemented to a large extent [66]. The Federal Council does not intend to implement the CRC-recommendations on IGM, referring to a revision of the Civil Code, which shall make it easier to change civil register entries for gender. [67] To date, there is no reliable date available on interventions carried out in Swiss hospitals that are paid for by the IV. It is alarming that hospitals are sometimes destroying corresponding medical records. [68]

  • How many interventions on intersex-children have been paid for by the IV since the publication of the Concluding Observations 2015 (disaggregated data by age at the time of the intervention, type of intervention, clinic)?
  • What has Switzerland done specifically to implement the relevant CRC, CAT, CEDAW, CCPR recommendations?

[64] CRC/C/CHE/CO/2-4, paras 42-43; 2015: CAT/C/CHE/CO/7, para 20; 2016: CEDAW/C/CHE/CO/4-5, paras 24–25, 38–39; 2017: CCPR/C/CHE/CO/4, paras 24-25.
[65] A Petition (15.2043) of the human rights group Zwischengeschlecht/Stop IGM, which called for a ban on Intersex genital mutilation, failed in March 2017 in the Council of States and in June 2017 in the National Council.
[66] Federal Council (2016): Media release - People with ambiguous sex - Fostering sensitivity (Medienmitteilung – Menschen mit uneindeutigem Geschlecht – Sensibilität fördern).
[67] Federal Council (2018): Measures to fill gaps in the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Switzerland (Massnahmen zur Schliessung von Lücken bei der Umsetzung der Kinderrechtskonvention in der Schweiz).
[68] How Zurich Children's Hospital handles the medical files Cf. Inquiry Cantonal Council of Zurich (328/2018): Shredding of files concerning operations on children with variations of sex development in the Zurich Children's Hospital.UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) (2016): Concluding observations on the combined fourth and fifth periodic reports of Switzerland, 18th of November 2016, CEDAW/C/CHE/CO/4-5.

2019-CRC-LOIPR-Swiss-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

Also the July 2019 Thematic Intersex NGO Report (PDF) provides solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices in Switzerland (p, 10, 11, 14), no legal protections for children at risk (p. 10-14), no access to redress and justice for survivors (p. 15-17), and no psychosocial and peer support for intersex children and their families (p. 14), in clear contradiction to the 2015 CRC binding recommendations for Switzerland (p. 6-8). >>> more info

During its 84th Pre-Sessional Working Group (PSWG) in September 2019, the Committee will draft the List of Issues Prior to Reporting (LOIPR) with questions for Switzerland, hopefully including strong ones about intersex and IGM.

Switzerland will then have to answer these question in its State report, due in September 2020.

NGOs will then have another opportunity to submit NGO reports. Therafter, Switzerland will be examined in Geneva, likely in 2021 – hopefully to be followed by yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Switzerland!

Wednesday, May 15 2019

2019 CRC Malta Intersex NGO Report

2019-CRC-Malta-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM

NGO Report (for Session) to the 3rd to 6th Report of Malta on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

 

>>>  Download (PDF 758 kb)

 
Compiled by:
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

CRC Chronology Malta 2019

Above April 2019 Thematic Intersex NGO Report documents that Malta's law does not live up to the promise of the government to “equalise the penalties applicable to intersex genital mutilation to the penalties applicable to female genital mutilation”, but that serious gaps and legal loopholes persist, and provides solid evidence of how Government agencies, university hospitals and public as well as private health insurances continue to promote and facilitate IGM practices both domestically in Malta and overseas in contractual paediatric clinics.

• An article in the Times of Malta (15.05.2019) on our NGO report highlights Malta's lack of action regarding [WARNING!!!] IGM 1 “hypospadias repair surgery”.

During its 81th session, in May 2019 the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) will examine the human rights record of Malta, to be transmitted LIVE on webtv.un.org!
   Session 1: Wed 15 May, 15-18h CEST
   Session 2: Thu 16 May, 10-13h CEST
StopIGM.org reported live from Palais Wilson, hoping for strong questions on intersex and IGM! Unsurprisingly, the Government officials flatly denied the practice and tried to sidestep the issue (but privately admitted IGM continues also domestically)
>>> Transcript Intersex Q&A

After the Session, in June 2019 the CRC will publish its Concluding observations with binding recommendations for Malta – hopefully including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices, and the very 1st one for Malta!

Saturday, April 27 2019

2019 CAT Germany Intersex NGO Report

2019-CAT-Germany-NGO-Intersex-StopIGM

NGO Report to the 6th Periodic Report of Germany on the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT)

 
>>> Download as PDF (1.3 MB)

 
Compiled by:
Zwischengeschlecht.org / StopIGM.org

CAT Timeline Germany 2011 – 2019

In November 2011, during its 47th Session the UN Committee against Torture (CAT) reviewed of Germany, with Experts Mr. Claudio Grossman and Ms. Myrna Kleopas raising "unnecessary", "forced surgery on inter-sex children", "often involving removal or mutilation of, for example, the clitoris or gonads" (see UN press release 04.011.2011, see also the Summary record, which attributes the second question to CAT member Felice Gaer), based on a Thematic NGO Report by Intersexuelle Menschen e.V. / XY-Frauen and Humboldt Law Clinic

In December 2011, the Committee issued the very first Concluding Observations (CAT/C/DEU/CO/5, para 20) of a UN treay body to explicitly condemn non-consensual surgery on intersex children, demanding a.o. that Germany should:

"Undertake investigation of incidents of surgical and other medical treatment of intersex people without effective consent and adopt legal provisions in order to provide redress to the victims of such treatment, including adequate compensation."

In December 2013, the Committee issued the List of Issues Prior to Reporting (LOIPR) for Germany with questions to be answered in the forthcoming German State report with questions on the implementation of the previous Concluding Observations, including questions on access to redress and justice for IGM survivors (CAT/C/DEU/QPR/6, para 40):

“Please provide updated data on the number of complaints of incidents of medical treatment on intersex persons without their effective consent and information on investigations, prosecutions, convictions and penalties in relation to such complaints. Please also provide updates on the legal means of redress provided to intersex people who have been victims of non-consensual surgical and other medical treatment, including legal, medical and psychological aid, and adequate compensation.”

In August 2017, nearly 2 years after the due date on 25.11.2015, Germany filed its State report, including (non-)answers to LOIPR questions on intersex and IGM – in particular, the questions on access to redress and justice were completely ignored (CAT/C/DEU/6, paras 211-225).

2019-CAT-Germany-NGO-Intersex-StopIGM Above January 2019 NGO Report (PDF) provides solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices in Germany, and how despite repeated Government promises there are still no legal protections for intersex children at risk (p. 14-16, 21-22) and no access to redress and justice for IGM survivors (p. 22-23, 27-31), in clear contradiction of the 2011 CAT binding recommendations for Germany.
The report further documents recent developments including
- Minister’s conference proposes “legal ban” of IGM (p. 17)
- Inter-Ministerial Working Group on Intersexuality and Transsexuality states IGM “may constitute bodily injury”, suggests “clarifying prohibition”  (p. 18)
- Coalition Agreement promises legal prohibition of IGM (p. 19)
- CCPR raises “non-emergency” surgery, “obstacles in access to justice” (p. 19)
- CESCR64: Germany promises “legislation” to prohibit IGM (p. 19)
- Minister of Justice promises “legal provision” to “end this practice”  (p. 20)
- Social Court: Involuntary, non-urgent Clitorectomy = “state of the art” legal medical Intervention “serv[ing] the well-being of the patient”  (p. 20)

On Friday 26 April 2019 NGOs briefed the Committee in a private NGO meeting. For StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org, German IGM survivor Claudia provided personal testimony and highlighted the failure of the government to live up to its promises, and Daniela Truffer provided latest updates including on the February 2019 Follow-up statistics study. (Full statement coming soon.)

On Monday 29 + Tuesday 30 April 2019 the human rights record of Germany will be examined in Geneva during the 66th CAT session, hopefully with tough questions on IGM and the complicity of the state:
   Session 1: Mon 29 April 10-13h CET
   Session 1: Tue 30 April 15-18h CET
   – to be transmitted LIVE on webtv.un.org!

In May 2019 CAT will publish its Concluding observations with binding recommendations for Germany – hopefully including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Germany!

Saturday, February 23 2019

2019 CEDAW UK Intersex NGO Report

2019-CEDAW-UK-NGO-Coalition-Intersex-IGMNGO Report (for Session) to the 8th Report of the United Kingdom on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

>>> Download: PDF (430 kb)  

Compiled by:
Intersex NGO Coalition UK
IntersexUK • UK Intersex Association
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org

CEDAW Chronology UK 2018-19

2018-CEDAW-PSWG-UK-NGO-Coalition-Intersex-IGM

In June 2018, the initial Thematic Intersex NGO Report (for PSWG) (PDF) provided solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices with impunity in all 4 Nations of the UK, advocated and paid for by the State party (p. 11-16), how UK doctors and the NHS conciously dismiss human rights concerns (p. 17). In addition, it contained background on intersex and IGM (8-10).

In July 2018 during the CEDAW 72 Pre-Sessional Working Group, the Committee heard NGOs in a private meeting >>> Joint Intersex PSWG NGO Statement 23.07.2018 (PDF):

As an NHS surgeon says, “[...] we remain happy to undertake clitoral reduction surgery [...] Until such time as there is a change in the law, parents will continue to have the right to decide [...]” [5]

CRC [6] recognised IGM in the UK as a harmful practice in 2015, seconded by CRPD [7] [8] in 2017. However, to this day the Government fails to act.
To this day, the UK denies these serious human rights violations, but tries to misrepresent IGM as a “health care” or “gender  identity” issue instead.
This misrepresentation is also evident in the State report. [9]

The Committee then drafted the List of Issues (LOI) with questions for for the UK, which include a good questions on intersex and IGM under CEDAW art. 5 “harmful practices” (CEDAW/C/GBR/Q/8, para 8):

Discriminatory gender stereotypes and harmful practices

[...]

8. The report indicates that in 2015 the State party introduced a number of provisions to strengthen the Female Genital Mutilation Act in order to help break down barriers to prosecution (para. 183). Please provide information on the extent to which these changes to the law have facilitated the prosecution of female genital mutilation cases in the State party. What progress has been made following the introduction of a mandatory reporting duty, which requires regulated health-care and social-care professionals, as well as teachers, to report to the police all “known” cases of female genital mutilation in girls under the age of 18 years? Please provide information on the progress made to provide medical and psychosocial support to women and girls who are victims of female genital mutilation. Please provide data on the number of surgical and other procedures that have been undertaken on intersex children under the age of 18 years in the State party.

In November 2018 the UK (non-)answered to the LOI as follows (CEDAW/C/GBR/Q/8/Add.1, para 46):

Intersex children

46.   Issues faced by people who are living with variant sex characteristics is an emerging policy area for Government. UK Government has announced its intention to publish a call for evidence on these issues. The evidence gathered from this exercise will inform the Government’s next steps in this area. UK Government is aware of some calls from the sector to ban the practice of medical interventions on minor’s sex characteristics.

2019-CEDAW-UK-NGO-Coalition-Intersex-IGM Above January 2019 follow-up Thematic Intersex NGO Report (for Session) (PDF) documents recent developments including
- Children from Ireland and Malta submitted to IGM in the UK (p. 12);
- Selective intersex abortions (p. 15);
- The  British Association of Paediatric Urologists (BAPU) (p.13), the General Medical Council (GMC) (p. 13) and the Scottish DSD Network (SDSD) (p. 14) admitting to continuing with IGM;
- The Government fails to take effective measures to prevent IGM practices to continue with impunity (p. 18-19);
- Intersex funding is misappropriated by LGBT NGOs (p. 16-17).

On Monday 25 February 2019 NGOs will have another possibility to brief the Committee in both public and private NGO briefings:
   Private NGO MeetingLunchtime
   Public NGO Briefing: 16-17h CET (3pm-5pm UK time)
   >>> UK Intersex Coalition: CEDAW72 Briefing Update (PDF)

On Tuesday 26 February 2019 the human rights record of the UK will be examined in Geneva during the 72nd CEDAW session:
   Session 1: 10-13h CET (9am-noon UK time)
   Session 1: 15-17h CET (2pm-4pm UK time)
   to be transmitted LIVE on webtv.un.org!

In March 2019 CEDAW will publish its Concluding observations with binding recommendations for the UK – hopefully including yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for the UK!

Friday, January 25 2019

2018 CRC Belgium Intersex NGO Report

2018 CRC Belgium NGO (for Session) Intersex IGM

NGO Report (for Session) to the 5th and 6th Report of Belgium on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

>>>  Download (PDF 210 kb)

Compiled by:
Thierry Bosman
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org
Endorsed by:
Intersex Belgium

CRC Chronology Belgium 2018-19

2018 CRC Belgium NGO (for PSWG) Intersex IGM

In March 2018, the initial Thematic Intersex NGO Report (for PSWG) (PDF) provided solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices in Belgium, advocated and paid for by the State party. In addition, it showed that also children from neighbouring Luxembourg are sent to Belgium for IGM practices.

In June 2018 during the CRC80 Pre-Sessional Working Group, the Committee heard NGOs in a private meeting. From the Joint Intersex PSWG NGO Statement 04.06.2018:

[...] As our NGO report proves, today Intersex Genital Mutilations are still practiced in Belgium, paid for by the public health system. And also intersex children from Luxembourg are sent to Belgium for surgery. [...] What’s more, it is my understanding that the Ghent university hospital is actively recruiting foreign intersex children from waiting lists of NHS clinics in the UK, including children from Malta. [...]

The Committee then drafted the List of Issues (LOI) with questions for Belgium, which was published in July 2018 and includes a good question on intersex and IGM (CRC/C/BEL/Q/5-6, para 8):

8. [...] With respect to paragraphs 133 to 135 of the State party’s report, please provide information on the progress made in eliminating harmful practices such as female and intersex genital mutilation and child marriage.

In Belgium's written answers to the LOI in writing published in November 2018, the State party replied (CRC/C/BEL/Q/5-6/Add.1, [between paras 57 and 58]):

[Unofficial English] Intersex children

• Study (federal, 2016) on terminology and care discourse concerning intersex people in Belgium. Afterwards, a study on the living situation of these people (Flanders).

• Support for the creation of a website for people born with atypical sexual characteristics by Flanders.

• Federal funding for the development of information kits for intersex children and parents.

• Subsidy to associations fighting against genital mutilation of intersex children, such as Genres pluriels.

[Original French] Enfants intersexes

• Etude (fédérale, 2016) sur la terminologie et le discours de prise en charge concernant les personnes intersexes en Belgique. Ensuite, étude sur la situation de vie de ces personnes (Flandre).

• Soutien à la création d’un site web concernant les personnes nées avec des caractéristiques sexuelles atypiques par la Flandre.

• Financement fédéral de l’élaboration de trousses d’information adressées aux enfants intersexes et aux parents.

• Subvention d’associations luttant contre les mutilations génitales des enfants intersexes, telles Genres pluriels.

2018 CRC Belgium NGO (for Session) Intersex IGM Above December 2018 follow-up Thematic Intersex NGO Report (for Session) (PDF) documents recent developments including also children from Luxembourg and Malta submitted to IGM in Belgium (p. 7), Belgian hospitals involved in international IGM networks (p. 7-8), and how Belgian government bodies, in the name of promoting "Rights of intersex people", in fact further promote and subsidise IGM practicioners and their institutions (p. 8-10); and it investigates the claims made by Belgium in its answers to the LOI (p. 11-14). The submitted version of the Report also contains a personal testimony of an IGM survivor (not included in the public version).

During the 80th CRC Session in Geneva, on 24-25 January 2019 the Committee examined the human rights record of Belgium including strong questions on intersex and IGM, archived on webtv.un.org:
   Session 1: Thu 24 January 2019, 15-18h Report | Video
   Session 2: Fr 25 January 2019, 10-13h Report | Video
  
When CRC asked about harmful practices on intersex children,
   Belgium replied it's "medical treatment" , NOT a human rights issue ...

   >>> CRC80 Belgium Session Report, Transcripts, Videos

In February 2019 the CRC will publish its Concluding observations with binding recommendations for Belgium – hopefully followed by yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Belgium!

Tuesday, January 22 2019

2018 CRC Italy Intersex NGO Report (for Session)

2018 CRC Italy NGO (for Session) Intersex IGM

NGO Report (for Session) to the 5th and 6th Report of Italy on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

>>>  Download (PDF 450 kb)

Compiled by:
Claudia Balsamo
StopIGM.org / Zwischengeschlecht.org
Endorsed by:
Intersexioni • Intersex Esiste

CRC Chronology Italy 2018-19

2018 CRC Italy NGO (for PSWG) Intersex IGM

In March 2018, the initial Thematic Intersex NGO Report (for PSWG) (PDF) provided solid evidence of ongoing IGM practices in Italy, advocated and paid for by the State party (p. 10-14). In addition, it shows how Italian case law promotes and endorses IGM by punishing its prevention (p. 11-12).

In June 2018 during the CRC80 Pre-Sessional Working Group, the Committee heard NGOs in a private meeting >>> Joint Intersex PSWG NGO Statement 06.06.2018 (PDF):

[...] from an interview with an Italian paediatric urologist conducted for a forthcoming study on intersex human rights in Italy presented yesterday at a conference at the University of Bologna:

“I carry out a large number of genitoplasty operations [that is partial clitoris amputation and vaginoplasty] when the children are no more than one year old...then before menarche we run a check in the operating room and if there is a vaginal tightening we re-operate. This is so the girl feels alright, instead of waiting and saying ‘well if she starts being sexually active then we’ll perform surgery...’” [1] [...]

The persistence of IGM in Italian clinics is a matter of public record, as is the criticism of persons concerned and their organisations, also to Government bodies including the Ministry of Health and the Italian Senate. In addition, CRPD [4] has already considered IGM practices in Italy as a serious human rights violation. Nonetheless, the Italian Government still refuses to take any appropriate action to protect intersex children. [...]

The Committee then drafted the List of Issues (LOI) with questions for Italy, which was published in July 2018 and includes good questions on intersex and IGM (CRC/C/ITA/Q/5-6, para 17 e–f):

17. Please provide, if available, updated statistical data disaggregated by age, sex, ethnic origin, national origin, geographic location and socioeconomic status, for the past three years, on: [...]

(e) Children who are born intersex;

(f) The number of non-urgent, irreversible surgical and other procedures that have been undertaken on intersex children before an age at which they are able to provide informed consent;

In Italy's written answers to the LOI published in October 2018, the State party replied (CRC/C/ITA/Q/5-6/Add.1, paras 105-106).

Question 17

[...]

(e) [Data on intersex births]

105. No data is available in this area, as the Italian legislation does not allow for the registration of children at birth as intersex

(f) [Data on non-urgent, non-consensual prodecures on intersex children]

106. Data on this point is available in Annex I (Tab 17).

The Annex I referred to (INT/CRC/ARL/ITA/33009, tab 17) [ Original XLS file currently not available: Mirror full intersex data PDF (132 kb) | XLS (83 kb) | Mirror complete annexe (XLS 4 MB) ], contains the following summarised data:

- A list of 7 ICD9-CM diagnoses used to determine intersex cases ("DSD")

- A list of 15 ICD9-CM procedures to determine cases of relevant "urogenital surgical procedures"

- Statistics 2015-17 of "Non-urgent hospital discharges for DSD with and without surgical procedures. Age 0-17", with totals:
   2015: 1418
   2016: 1379
   2017: 1252

- Statistics 2015-17 of "Non-urgent hospital discharges for DSD with surgical procedures. Age 0-17", with totals:
   2015: 12
   2016: 13
   2017:   3

- An overview 2015-17 of percentages of "hospital discharges for DSD" with "non-urgent [...] surgical procedures" (out of total "non-urgent [...] discharges for DSD"):
   2015: 0.8%
   2016: 0.9%
   2017: 0.2%

2018 CRC Italy NGO (for Session) Intersex IGM Above December 2018 follow-up Thematic Intersex NGO Report (for Session) (PDF) investigates the statistic claims made by Italy, and documents much higher numbers published by Italian IGM doctors themselves (p. 10-12). It also contains personal testimonies from IGM survivors (p. 14-19), and extensive evidence of the most common IGM practices in Italy (p. 20-24).

During the 80th CRC Session in Geneva, on 22-23 January 2019 the Committee will examined the human rights record of Italy – including strong questions on intersex and IGM, archived on webtv.un.org:
   Session 1: Tue 22 January 2019, 15-18h Report | Video
   Session 2: Wed 23 January 2019, 10-13h  Report | Video
   When CRC asked about harmful practices on intersex children,
   Italy answered on trans legislation and 3rd gender in birth assistance certificates ...

   >>> CRC80 Italy Session Report, Transcripts, Videos

In February 2019 the CRC will publish its Concluding observations with binding recommendations for Italy – hopefully followed by yet another strong reprimand for IGM practices for Italy!

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